{"id":299,"date":"2019-06-08T23:44:53","date_gmt":"2019-06-09T04:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/?page_id=299"},"modified":"2022-10-02T08:47:16","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T13:47:16","slug":"soluciones-de-bajo-consumo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/soluciones-de-bajo-consumo\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluation of low-consumption solutions towards nearly zero-energy buildings in Panama"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Project I+D funded by SENACYT under the code FID18-056<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Status:<\/strong> Finalizado<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Execution period: <\/strong>2019 &#8211; Agosto 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A critical barrier, when seeking to improve energy efficiency in buildings, is the lack of knowledge about the factors that determine the energy final use. Among them, six determining factors have been identified: climate, envelope, systems, interior design, operation and maintenance, and occupant behavior. Thus, this project seeks to evaluate different low-consumption technologies towards promoting zero-energy buildings in Panama. For this, it is contemplated to carry out a study of comfort by means of questionnaires, measurement of interior conditions and numerical models. The greatest impact on energy consumption is expected to be due to air conditioning, where the occupants' behavior and the structure of the envelope, are the primary responsible for this consumption. In the end, you want to suggest what technologies are needed in order to reduce consumption, depending on the case study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>General research purpose<\/strong>: To evaluate different low-consumption techniques via numerical simulation towards nearly zero-energy buildings in Panama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Specific objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>To evaluate the application viability of low-consumption techniques (passive or semi passive), through simulation, with the intention of developing optimization strategies.<\/li><li>To evaluate the energy performance of buildings for residential and commercial use in Panama, through simulation.<\/li><li>To evaluate the incidence of occupant behavior on the energy performance of a building through the application of surveys and simulation.<\/li><li>Desarrollar modelos para predecir la ocupaci\u00f3n de un espacio, mediante el uso de mediciones de par\u00e1metros ambientales.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/esquema.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1525\" width=\"467\" height=\"276\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/esquema.png 852w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/esquema-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/esquema-768x455.png 768w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/esquema-624x370.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 467px) 100vw, 467px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Project researchers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dr. Dafni Mora (head researcher)<\/li><li>Dr. Miguel Chen Austin (Co-head researcher)<\/li><li>Dr. Marilena de Simone (Internacional researcher)<\/li><li>Dr. Denis Bruneau (Internacional researcher)<\/li><li>Lic. Ulises Jim\u00e9nez, M.Sc.<\/li><li>Ing. Katherine Chung, M.Sc.<\/li><li>Arq. Angela Collado, M.Sc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Students:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Jes\u00fas Ara\u00faz (Tesista pregrado)<\/li><li>Agnieszka Moreno (Tesista pregrado)<\/li><li>Steyci Santamar\u00eda (Tesista pregrado) <\/li><li>Walter Herrera (Tesista pregrado)<\/li><li>Irvin Merchant (Tesista pregrado)<\/li><li>Milvia Castillo (Tesista pregrado)<\/li><li>Ing. Eric Parker (Tesista maestr\u00eda)<\/li><li>Ing. Policarpio Delgado (Tesista doctorado)<\/li><li>Alejandro Arias (Asistente de investigaci\u00f3n)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Associated publications:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dafni Mora, Marilena De Simone &amp; Miguel Chen Austin. (2020). Tecnolog\u00edas para la detecci\u00f3n de ocupaci\u00f3n en edificios.&nbsp;<em>Revista Prisma Tecnol\u00f3gico<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>11<\/em>(1), 17-22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33412\/pri.v11.1.2530  &nbsp;<a href=\"javascript:\"><\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/revistas.utp.ac.pa\/index.php\/prisma\/article\/view\/2530\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/revistas.utp.ac.pa\/index.php\/prisma\/article\/view\/2530<\/a><\/li><li>Towards nearly zero energy buildings in Panama through low-consumption techniques: A numerical study. Dafni Mora, Jes\u00fas Ara\u00faz, Miguel Chen Austin. 74th Congreso Anual de la Asociaci\u00f3n Termot\u00e9cnica Italiana (ATI). Septiembre 2019. AIP Conference Proceedings <strong>2191<\/strong>, 020114 (2019) <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (abre en una nueva pesta\u00f1a)\" href=\"https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.5138847\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/aip.scitation.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1063\/1.5138847 <\/a><a style=\"vertical-align: text-bottom;\" href=\"javascript:\"><\/a><\/li><li>Impact of the Envelope Layout in the Thermal Behavior of Buildings in Panama: A Numerical Study. Jes\u00fas Ara\u00faz, Dafni Mora, Miguel Chen Austin. 7th international Engineering Sciences and Technology Conference 2019. Panam\u00e1, Panam\u00e1. Octubre 2019. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (abre en una nueva pesta\u00f1a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/8943584\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/89435<\/a>84<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tesis asociadas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Adaptaci\u00f3n de arquitectura bioclim\u00e1tica a edificaciones en Panam\u00e1: Estudio num\u00e9rico del acople entre ventilaci\u00f3n natural y la inercia t\u00e9rmica de la envolvente (Estudiante: Jes\u00fas Ara\u00faz, Asesora: Dafni Mora, Co-asesor: Miguel Chen Austin). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/adaptacion-de-arquitectura-bioclimatica-a-edificaciones-en-panama-estudio-numerico-del-acople-entre-ventilacion-natural-y-la-inercia-termica-de-la-envolvente\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><li>Modelado param\u00e9trico y evaluaci\u00f3n num\u00e9rica de la implementaci\u00f3n de cubierta vegetal en edificaciones en Panam\u00e1 (Estudiante: Agnieszka Moreno, Asesor: Miguel Chen Austin, Co-asesores: Dafni Mora, Ulises Jim\u00e9nez). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/modelado-parametrico-y-evaluacion-numerica-de-la-implementacion-de-cubierta-vegetal-en-edificaciones-en-panama\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><li>Adaptaci\u00f3n de arquitectura bioclim\u00e1tica a edificaciones en Panam\u00e1: Estudio num\u00e9rico sobre la implementaci\u00f3n de MCF en la envolvente (Estudiante: Steyci Santamar\u00eda, Asesor: Miguel Chen Austin, Co-asesor: Dafni Mora). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/adaptacion-de-arquitectura-bioclimatica-a-edificaciones-en-panama-estudio-numerico-sobre-la-implementacion-de-mcf-en-la-envolvente\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><li>Acondicionamiento de espacios utilizando el potencial geot\u00e9rmico inverso en Panam\u00e1: Modelado usando EES y estudio de impacto ambiental (Estudiante: Walter Herrera, Asesor: Miguel Chen Austin, Co-asesora: Dafni Mora). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/acondicionamiento-de-espacios-utilizando-el-potencial-geotermico-inverso-en-panama-modelado-usando-ees-y-estudio-de-impacto-ambiental\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><li>Evaluaci\u00f3n de estrategias de enfriamiento radiativo para confort en edificaciones en Panam\u00e1 (Estudiante: Irvin Merchant, Asesor: Miguel Chen Austin, Co-asesoras: Dafni Mora, Katherine Chung). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/evaluacion-de-estrategias-de-enfriamiento-radiativo-para-confort-en-edificaciones-en-panama-estudio-numerico-y-modelado-con-ees\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><li>Estrategias bioclim\u00e1ticas y t\u00e9cnicas de optimizaci\u00f3n para dise\u00f1o de edificaciones en Panam\u00e1: Evaluaci\u00f3n num\u00e9rica (Estudiante: Milvia Castillo, Asesor: Miguel Chen Austin, Co-asesoras: Angela Collado, Dafni Mora). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/estrategias-bioclimaticas-y-tecnicas-de-optimizacion-para-diseno-de-edificaciones-en-panama-evaluacion-numerica\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><li>An\u00e1lisis del impacto del comportamiento del ocupante en el consumo de energ\u00eda en edificaciones: Auditor\u00eda y enfoque experimental en Panam\u00e1 (Estudiante: Eric Parker, Asesora: Dafni Mora, Co-asesor: Miguel Chen Austin). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/analisis-del-impacto-del-comportamiento-del-ocupante-en-el-consumo-de-energia-en-edificaciones-auditoria-y-enfoque-experimental-en-panama\/\">Ver tesis<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Subproyectos:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Implementaci\u00f3n de la aerotermia como soluci\u00f3n de bajo consumo en edificaciones en Panam\u00e1: Estudio num\u00e9rico y modelado con EES (Estudiante: Alejandro Arias, IP: Miguel Chen Austin, Co-IPs: Dafni Mora, Katherine Chung). <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/implementacion-de-la-aerotermia-como-solucion-de-bajo-consumo-en-edificaciones-en-panama-estudio-numerico-y-modelado-con-ees\/\">Ver subproyecto<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Actividades FID18-056<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/actividades-fid18-056\/\">Ver actividades<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Difusi\u00f3n de resultados: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xLIJ23wRJWE\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xLIJ23wRJWE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">VIII Ciclo de conferencias de I+D<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entidades colaboradoras\/asociadas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-4 wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"1427\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/senacyt-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/senacyt-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/senacyt-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/senacyt-176x176.jpg 176w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/senacyt-60x60.jpg 60w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/senacyt.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"296\" data-id=\"1430\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72-300x296.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1430\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72-768x757.png 768w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72-1024x1010.png 1024w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72-624x615.png 624w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72-60x60.png 60w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/logo_utp_1_72.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"244\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"1428\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/facultad-de-mecanica-244x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1428\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/facultad-de-mecanica-244x300.jpg 244w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/facultad-de-mecanica.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 244px) 100vw, 244px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-medium\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"260\" data-id=\"1604\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Logo-UIP-jpg-1-300x260.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Logo-UIP-jpg-1-300x260.jpg 300w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Logo-UIP-jpg-1-768x667.jpg 768w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Logo-UIP-jpg-1-624x542.jpg 624w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Logo-UIP-jpg-1.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-2 wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"45\" data-id=\"1432\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/unical.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1432\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/unical.png 638w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/unical-300x21.png 300w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/unical-624x44.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"419\" height=\"205\" data-id=\"1433\" src=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/GRECCAU_ENSAP.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/GRECCAU_ENSAP.png 419w, https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/GRECCAU_ENSAP-300x147.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Referencias bibliogr\u00e1ficas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H. Polinder <em>et al.<\/em>, \u201cFinal report annex 53- Total energy use in buildings, analysis and evaluation methods,\u201d 2013.<\/li><li>IEA, \u201cIEA-EBC Annex 66: Definition and simulation of occupant behavior in buildings,\u201d 2015. [Online]. Available: www.annex66.org.<\/li><li>V. Fabi, R. V. Andersen, S. Corgnati, and B. W. Olesen, \u201cOccupants\u2019 window opening behaviour: a literature review of factors influencing occupant behaviour and models,\u201d <em>Building and Environment<\/em>, vol. 58, pp. 188\u2013198, 2012.<\/li><li>A. F. Emery and C. J. Kippenhan, \u201cA long term study of residential home heating consumption and the effect of occupant behavior on homes in the Pacific Northwest constructed according to improved thermal standards,\u201d <em>Energy<\/em>, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 677\u2013693, Apr. 2006.<\/li><li>O. Guerra-Santin, <em>Actual energy consumption in dwellings -the effect of energy performance regulations and occupant behaviour<\/em>. IOS Press under the imprint Delft University Press, 2010.<\/li><li>S. Chen, W. Yang, H. Yoshino, M. D. Levine, K. Newhouse, and A. Hinge, \u201cDefinition of occupant behavior in residential buildings and its application to behavior analysis in case studies,\u201d <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em>, vol. 104, pp. 1\u201313, 2015.<\/li><li>S. Owens and L. Driffill, \u201cHow to change attitudes and behaviours in the context of energy,\u201d <em>Energy Policy<\/em>, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 4412\u20134418, 2008.<\/li><li>European Parliament, <em>Directive 2010\/31\/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)<\/em>. Belgium, 2010, pp. 13\u201335.<\/li><li>P. Torcellini, S. Pless, M. Deru, and D. Crawley, \u201cZero energy buildings: a critical look at the definition,\u201d in <em>ACEEE summer study<\/em>, 2006.<\/li><li>D. Yan <em>et al.<\/em>, \u201cOccupant behavior modeling for building performance simulation: current state and future challenges,\u201d <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em>, vol. 107, pp. 264\u2013278, 2015.<\/li><li>P. de Wilde, \u201cThe gap between predicted and measured energy performance of buildings: A framework for investigation,\u201d <em>Automation in Construction<\/em>, vol. 41, pp. 40\u201349, May 2014.<\/li><li>S. Wei, R. Jones, and P. De Wilde, \u201cDriving factors for occupant-controlled space heating in residential buildings,\u201d <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em>, vol. 70, pp. 36\u201344, 2014.<\/li><li>T. Hong, S. C. Taylor-Lange, S. D\u2019Oca, D. Yan, and S. P. Corgnati, \u201cAdvances in research and applications of energy-related occupant behavior in buildings,\u201d <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em>, vol. 116, pp. 694\u2013702, 2016.<\/li><li>B. Dong <em>et al.<\/em>, \u201cAn information technology enabled sustainability test-bed (ITEST) for occupancy detection through an environmental sensing network,\u201d <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em>, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1038\u20131046, 2010.<\/li><li>The International Energy Agency (IEA), \u201cIEA-EBC Annex 66: Definition and simulation of occupant behavior in buildings,\u201d 2014. [Online]. Available: www.annex66.org.<\/li><li>D. Mora, C. Carpino, and M. De Simone, \u201cBehavioral and physical factors influencing energy building performances in Mediterranean climate,\u201d <em>Energy Procedia<\/em>, vol. 78, pp. 603\u2013608, 2015.<\/li><li>[17]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C. Carpino, D. Mora, N. Arcuri, and M. De Simone, \u201cBehavioral variables and occupancy patterns in the design and modeling of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings,\u201d <em>Building Simulation<\/em>, 2017.<\/li><li>D. Mora, C. Carpino, and M. De Simone, \u201cEnergy consumption of residential buildings and occupancy profiles. A case study in Mediterranean climatic conditions.,\u201d <em>Energy Efficiency<\/em>, 2017.<\/li><li>D. Mora, G. Fajilla, M. Chen Austin, and M. De Simone, \u201cOccupancy patterns obtained by heuristic approaches: cluster analysis and logical flowcharts. A case study in a university office,\u201d <em>Energy and Buildings<\/em>, vol. 186, pp. 147\u2013168, 2019.<\/li><li>Secretaria Nacional de Energ\u00eda, \u201cPlan energ\u00e9tico Nacional 2015-2050 \u2018Panam\u00e1 el futuro que queremos,\u2019\u201d Panam\u00e1, 2017.<\/li><li>O. Guerra-Santin and L. Itard, \u201cThe effect of energy performance regulations on energy consumption,\u201d <em>Energy Efficiency<\/em>, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 269\u2013282, Feb. 2012.<\/li><li>Gaceta Oficial, <em>Decreto ejecutivo No. 398, que reglamenta la Ley 69 de 12 de octubre de 2012, que establece los lineamientos generales de la pol\u00edtica nacional para el uso racional y eficiente de la energ\u00eda en el territorio nacional<\/em>, vol. 3, no. 27313-A. Panam\u00e1, 2013, pp. 1\u2013101.<\/li><li>Gaceta Oficial, <em>Ley 69 de 12 de octubre 2012<\/em>, no. 27145-A. Panam\u00e1, 2012, pp. 1\u201317.<\/li><li>C. Carpino, D. Mora, N. Arcuri, and M. De Simone, \u201cBehavioral variables and occupancy patterns in the design and modeling of Nearly Zero Energy Buildings,\u201d <em>Building Simulation<\/em>, 2017.<\/li><li>E. Burleson, \u201cParis agreement and consensus to address climate challege,\u201d <em>American Society of International Law<\/em>, vol. 20, no. 8, 2016.<\/li><li>Secretar\u00eda Nacional de Energ\u00eda, <em>Resoluci\u00f3n N\u00b0 3142 del 17 de noviembre de 2016, que adopta la gu\u00eda de construcci\u00f3n sostenible para el ahorro de energ\u00eda en edificaciones y medidas para el uso racional y eficiente de la energ\u00eda, para la construcci\u00f3n de nuevas edificaciones en la Rep\u00fablica<\/em>, vol. 3142, no. 28165. Panama, 2016, pp. 1\u201366.<\/li><li>SENACYT, \u201cPol\u00edtica Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n de Panam\u00e1 y Plan Nacional (PENCYT) 2015-2019,\u201d Panam\u00e1, 2015.<\/li><li>DesignBuilder Software Ltd, \u201cDesignBuilder Version 5.5.\u201d 2018.<\/li><li>V. S. K. V. Harish and A. Kumar, \u201cA review on modeling and simulation of building energy systems,\u201d <em>Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews<\/em>, vol. 56, pp. 1272\u20131292, 2016.<\/li><li>R Development Core Team, \u201cR: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.\u201d Vienna, Austria, 2014.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Proyecto I+D financiado por SENACYT: FID18-056 Estado: Finalizado Periodo: 2019 &#8211; Agosto 2022 Resumen: Una de las barreras m\u00e1s importantes al buscar mejorar la eficiencia energ\u00e9tica en edificios, es la falta de conocimiento sobre los factores que determinan el uso final de la energ\u00eda. Entre ellos se han identificado seis factores determinantes en el uso de energ\u00eda: clima, envolvente, sistemas,&#8230; <a href=\"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/soluciones-de-bajo-consumo\/\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-299","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=299"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2486,"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299\/revisions\/2486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/eceb.utp.ac.pa\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}